The smart sensory devices that transform microwaves to electrical signals to provide images and information about a far away object is called radar sensor system. These devices use wireless sensing technology to interpret the shape, movement and position of the object by the phenomenon of microwaves. Weather forecasting, traffic control, vehicle tracking and tracking an enemy by airforce or military navigation are the major criterias where radar sensors are used.
Electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies are transmitted from the radar system towards the direction of target object. These waves strike with the object and return back towards the sensor as an echo. The time taken in overall transmittance of electromagnetic waves from radar to object and from object to radar again determines the angular direction, movement trajectory and exact location of the target. The velocity, direction of motion, shape and size of the object is measured with the help of radar sensors.
It mainly consists of the following parts:
-An antenna to facilitate the rotation of waves as per the requirement. A motor is enabled with the antenna to maintain its rotational motion.
-A transceiver unit is present to generate waves and process the signals received from the object.
-A processing unit is enabled to operate on signals from the components of radar and from any external devices.
-A display unit is provided to present the images. It is enabled with sensor data.
-A control unit is accessed to control overall operation of the radar.
Radar sensors are highly advanced and efficient in fetching the minute details about the far off objects even in adverse weather conditions. Infra red and optical sensing devices are incapable of availing clear images in bad weathers.
Radar sensors are mainly used in the following areas:
-These sensors are widely used in millitary projects, in ship navigation, terrain tracking, targetting an enemy plane, tracking any disturbance on international borders etc.
– Radar sensor system are very helpful in monitoring heart beat and breathe rate, in detection of sleep disorder and for baby monitoring.
-These smart devices help to check heavy machinery collision and robotic collision.
-Radar sensors are used in elevators and self operating machines to check any misalignment in schedules and functioning.
-These sensors are widely used in airports to check criminal intrusion, in security of ammunition centers and in power grid security system.
The electromagnetic waves emitted by radar system have the wavelength equal to that o light. Hence, the results are generated within few seconds of the operation. The collisions between ships are prevented by detecting the presents of another ship with the help of marine radar sensors. Nearby obstacles, weather reports and accurate altitude information is accessed by aircraft radars in aviation. Cyclones, thunderstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes and short term weather analysis is done by meteorologists with the help of highly sensible radars.